Scoliosis is more than just a spinal curve – it’s a complex condition that can affect daily life, posture and overall well-being. In this blog, we explore what scoliosis is, who it affects, why it develops, and how physiotherapy plays a crucial role in its management.
What is Scoliosis and who does it affect?
Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, affecting the frontal, horizontal, and sagittal planes. It is typically diagnosed through an X-ray, where clinicians measure the Cobb angle — a curve of at least 10 degrees in one or more of these planes indicates scoliosis.
Scoliosis can occur at any age, but it’s most commonly detected during adolescence, typically between 10 and 18 years old. Up to 80% of scoliosis cases are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown. Globally, the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ranges from 0.93% to 12%, with variations depending on region and population.
Why Does Scoliosis Happen?
Scoliosis doesn’t have a single cause, it’s often the result of a combination of factors, including:
- Genetics
- Growth patterns
- Hormonal changes
- Neurological influences
- Abnormal bone mass density
- Tissue abnormalities
- Chemical imbalances in the body
Beyond the spinal curvature itself, 60–80% of scoliosis patients experience low back pain. This discomfort can stem from:
- Weakening of the paravertebral muscles
- Degenerative changes in the spine e.g. impaired disc biomechanics or facet joint irritation
- Onset of neurological conditions
- Age-related changes in balance and mobility
Is Scoliosis reversable?
Scoliosis is not reversable. However, use of scoliosis specific exercises and braces can help prevent curve progression, alleviate back pain and improve function.
How Can Physiotherapy Help?
Physiotherapy plays a vital role in managing scoliosis- both in relieving symptoms and improving function.
A typical physiotherapy assessment may include:
- Postural and gait analysis
- Evaluation of foot shape and skin
- Assessment of neurological signs and symptoms
- Review of overall movement and function
Treatment is holistic and may involve:
- Scoliosis-specific exercises
- Paraspinal muscle strengthening
- Core stabilisation techniques
Example exercises:
Child’s pose – starting on hands and knees and sitting back onto your heels reaching your arms as far away from your body as possible and reaching over towards the convex side of the scoliotic curve. Hold this stretch for 30-40 seconds. Complete 3 sets 1-3x daily.
Side plank – starting with your elbow under your shoulder and legs out straight, lift your bottom up in the air and hold. Try to hold for 30 seconds on the concave side of the scoliotic curve. Complete 3 sets, 1-3x daily.
Bird dog – starting on hands and knees, lift up opposite leg to opposite arm trying to maintain hip stability. Try to hold each repetition for 3 seconds and repeated 12-16 times. Complete 3 sets 1-3x daily.
These interventions aim to:
- Alleviate low back pain
- Improve spinal function
- Support mobility and posture
- Enhance quality of life
Scoliosis may be a lifelong condition, but it doesn’t have to limit your life. With a comprehensive approach, especially when guided by a qualified physiotherapist, many individuals can manage symptoms, reduce pain, and live full, active lives. If you or someone you know is living with scoliosis, consider consulting a physiotherapist for a tailored treatment plan. Early intervention and consistent care can make all the difference. Book an appointment here.
